[TOEFL][Speaking] Q3. Token and Reward

The concept of using rewards to influence human behavior is a compelling one, especially when it comes to correcting negative tendencies. The lecturer highlights the potential of rewards, particularly in the form of 'tokens,' as an effective means of behavior modification. 

The lecturer offers a pertinent example involving drug patients to illustrate this point. Initially, providing a simple reward such as a "free phone call" did not yield consistent results among the patients. However, when the reward system was shifted to utilize 'tokens,' the impact became profound. (The introduction of 'tokens' as rewards led to a significant change in behavior across the board.)

The 'token' system operates by associating desired behaviors with a tangible reward. In this scenario, the rewards ranged from leisure activities such as watching TV, enjoying free time, to receiving snacks. The key takeaway is that the 'token' reward system proved to be a powerful motivator, driving individuals to engage in positive behaviors consistently. 

(In conclusion, the lecturer's example involving drug patients underscores the potency of the 'token' reward system in altering negative human behavior. This approach capitalizes on intrinsic motivations, demonstrating that with the right incentives, individuals are more likely to modify their actions in a desirable direction.)

 

- 1minute(7-8 sentences)

 

The concept of using rewards to influence human behavior is a compelling one, especially when it comes to correcting negative tendencies. The lecturer highlights the potential of rewards, particularly in the form of 'tokens,' as an effective means of behavior modification. 

 

The lecturer offers a pertinent example involving drug patients to illustrate this point. Initially, providing a simple reward such as a "free phone call" did not yield consistent results among the patients. However, when the reward system was shifted to utilize 'tokens,' the impact became profound.

 

The key takeaway is that the 'token' reward system proved to be a powerful motivator, driving individuals to engage in positive behaviors

 

(Edit)

 

The reading passage elucidates the concept of Token reward system, highlighting the key idea that reward system using token could be powerful incentive to correct people's behavior.

 

And, in the lecture, the professor elaborates on this topic with examples.

 

First, the lecturer offers a pertinent exmaple involving drug patients to illustrate this point. He mentions that reward system without token could not be as effective as Token reward system. It was not able to correct whole people because free call reward was not attractive for the whole people. 

 

Next, the lecturer goes on to give an additional example. Unlike the previous one, they used reward system with token, changing rewards as well. In order to earn tokens, people participated in daily activities, which in turn led to behavior modification.

 

In summary, the key takeway is that Token Reward System combined with appropriate rewards could correct human behavior.